Which method helps in avoiding runoff during irrigation?

• A. Watering during windy conditions
• B. Using high pressure irrigation
• C. Applying water in smaller amounts over time
• D. Watering at noon

Answer: (C)

Applying water in smaller amounts over time is an effective method for avoiding runoff during irrigation. This technique, often referred to as "slow soaking" or "intermittent irrigation," allows the soil to absorb water more efficiently. When water is applied in smaller quantities, it can penetrate the soil before it becomes saturated, reducing the possibility of excess water flowing off the surface. This approach not only helps prevent erosion and pollution but also promotes deeper root growth and healthier plants, as the roots are encouraged to search further into the soil for moisture.

In contrast, watering during windy conditions can lead to uneven distribution of water and increased evaporation, while high-pressure irrigation can cause water to be sprayed forcefully, leading to runoff as well. Watering at noon can result in significant evaporation losses, as the sun's heat can quickly evaporate the water before it gets a chance to soak into the soil. Therefore, applying water in smaller amounts over time is the most effective method for mitigating runoff during irrigation.