Which factor does NOT directly affect soil moisture retention?

• A. Soil type
• B. Soil temperature
• C. Pore size distribution
• D. Organic content

Answer: (B)

Soil temperature does not directly affect soil moisture retention in the same way that the other factors do. Soil moisture retention primarily depends on characteristics of the soil itself.

Soil type plays a critical role in moisture retention because different soil types, such as clay, sandy, or loamy soils, have varying capacities to hold water due to their texture and composition. Pore size distribution is also crucial since the size and arrangement of soil pores influence the movement and retention of water; smaller pores can hold water better than larger ones, which may drain more quickly. Additionally, organic content in the soil improves moisture retention through the creation of a sponge-like structure that holds water.

In contrast, while soil temperature can influence plant growth and microbial activity, it does not inherently change the soil's ability to retain water. Temperature may affect the rate of evaporation and transpiration, but it does not alter the physical or chemical properties of the soil that determine how much water the soil can hold.