What is a consequence of soil compaction on plant health?

• A. Increased oxygen levels for roots
• B. Faster nutrient uptake
• C. Reduced water holding capacity
• D. Enhanced soil structure

Answer: (C)

Soil compaction significantly impacts plant health primarily by reducing water holding capacity. When soil becomes compacted, the particles are pressed together more tightly, which limits the spaces between them, known as pore spaces. These pore spaces are essential for air and water movement within the soil.

When pore space is diminished, the soil struggles to retain moisture effectively, leading to poor water availability for plants. As a result, plants may become stressed due to insufficient water, which can affect their growth and overall health. Compacted soil can also hinder root development, as roots require oxygen and space to grow; therefore, the lack of air pockets can further compromise plant vitality.

The other options do not accurately represent the impacts of soil compaction. Increased oxygen levels for roots and enhanced soil structure are contrary to the effects of compaction, as these conditions are diminished rather than improved. Similarly, faster nutrient uptake is typically impaired in compacted soils due to restricted root growth and reduced microbial activity.