What is a common issue that affects soil?

• A. Excessive moisture
• B. Soil compaction
• C. Increased microbial activity
• D. Low salinity

Answer: (B)

Soil compaction is a common issue that significantly affects soil health and function. When soil becomes compacted, the particles are pressed together, reducing the spaces or pores between them. This leads to several adverse effects, including decreased water infiltration and drainage, limited root growth, and reduced availability of oxygen for roots and soil-dwelling organisms. Compacted soil also impairs the movement of nutrients and hinders the overall biological activity within the soil ecosystem.

The impact of soil compaction can be particularly severe in agricultural and landscaped areas, where healthy soil structure is essential for supporting plant growth. Unlike excessive moisture or increased microbial activity, which may have varying impacts, compaction uniformly restricts soil quality. It can arise from heavy machinery, foot traffic, or inadequate soil management practices, making awareness and management vital in maintaining healthy landscapes.